Ionic+Bonding

( An **ionic bond** is a type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions . Ionic bonds are formed between a cation, which is usually a metal, and an anion, which is usually a nonmetal . //Pure// ionic bonding cannot exist: all ionic compounds have some degree of covalent bonding . Thus, an ionic bond is considered a bond where the ionic character is greater than the covalent character.

=History of (Topic)= ( f a negative ion meets a positive one, their opposite charges attract strongly and glue the atoms together.

This type of gluing is called an **ionic bond**.

Ionic bonds were first formed as atoms emerged from a supernova, and caused cosmic dust grains to form. They are important in holding the atoms together in many rocks on the Earth today.

An ionic bond is sometimes called an electrovalent bond. It can form when two atoms meet and an electron is permanently transferred from one to the other, because of the way their electron shells are formed. Thus when a sodium atom meets a chlorine atom, the solitary electron in the outer shell of the sodium atom moves over into the outer shell of the chlorine, which only needs that one extra electron to give itself a hard outer shell. These two ionized atoms then stick very tightly together to make sodium chloride -- also known as table salt.

Compare this with the other major type of bond which holds atoms together -- the covalent bond. )

=Application of (Topic)= (Ionic compounds are not limited to combinations of equal numbers of atoms of two elements, as in NaCl. magnesium atoms, for instance have two electrons in their outer shells and both of these electrons can be transferred to others atoms in forming an Ionic bond: and example is magnesium bromide, mgbr2 in witch there are two br- irons for each Mg2 ion, also some groups of atoms such as No3 and co3 act as units when they participate in ionic bonds, in the former cas picking up one electron to become an No3 and in the latter case picking up two electrons to become a Co -2 3 ion.)

=References= Beiser, Arthur. //Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Physical Science//. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988. Print. > )
 * 1) "Ionic Bond." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Web. 09 Aug. 2011. .
 * 1) (Ref #3 - from book, library, journal)

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